What is an HSA?
An HSA works with an eligible health plan that has a higher deductible. You can use your HSA to pay for eligible health care expenses. It saves you money because it is tax-free. It can also help you save for retirement.
How does an HSA work?
An HSA is only available with certain types of health plans that have higher deductibles. These plans will usually have lower premiums. They are often called consumer-driven health plans.
Every dollar you put into an HSA is tax-deductible (you pay no taxes on it). For example, if you put the maximum amount in your HSA each year (current maximum is $3,400 for an individual, $6,750 for a family) and your income puts you in the 28% tax bracket, your annual tax savings with an HSA would be $952 for an individual or $1,890 for a family.
You don't pay any taxes when you take money out either, as long as you use it for eligible health-related expenses. You can use your HSA for health care expenses not covered by your health insurance. For example, use HSA dollars to cover your costs until you reach your plan's deductible amount. Then use your HSA to pay coinsurance or copays until you reach your maximum annual out-of-pocket limit. Use a cost calculator to compare a traditional health insurance plan with a high-deductible health plan and HSA.
Big plus: tax savings
An HSA can save you money on health care and more, thanks to these tax advantages. HSA contributions are tax-deductible. Withdrawals for health care expenses are tax-free, too. Withdrawals for non-eligible expenses would be taxed and include a penalty. You earn tax-free interest on the money in your account. Plus, your account may give you a variety of investment options.
Your HSA balance rolls over at the end of the year, so you don't lose your money. It's always yours to spend, save and invest.
At age 65, you can start using your HSA dollars for any purpose. HSA withdrawals for eligible health care expenses continue to be tax-free. HSA withdrawals for other reasons would be taxed but would not include a penalty.
Money in your HSA can earn interest
You can put a portion of your HSA balance into a variety of investments as long as you maintain a $1,000 base balance in your account. Your dollars grow tax-free in your investments (such as mutual funds or stocks). Some people even use their HSA as a retirement savings account.